Technical preparation in school skaters from Villa Clara

Abstract

Skating in today's society is one of the favorite sports for children, youth and adults as it

seeks healthy fun and physical recreation. Various variables such as strength, speed and

power influence their sports results, which are useful only if they are well focused and

directed to technical work, hence their importance. The objective of the present

investigation was: to characterize the technical preparation in school skaters from Villa

Clara. Different methods and techniques were used such as: the synthetic analytic,

Keywords: technical preparation, school skaters, coaches, results.

Introduction

The advance operated worldwide by sport is extremely significant, forcing athletes from

the early years to begin the practice of physical activities for the acquisition of better

physical development and greater sports performance.

Rangel and González (2012) refer that skating is sliding or rolling on a surface. To do

this, a posture must be adopted that allows you to move stably while pushing yourself.

Skating is considered exceptional because it is a mode of human locomotion that obtains

movement through lateral pushes.

directly related to the tactical and psychological aspects.

Hext, Heller, Kelley, and Goodwill; Konings and Hettinga; Konings and Hettinga, (as

cited in Martynenko and Oreshkina 2020) consider that technical and tactical training is

an integral part of the process of training qualified career skaters, and that its mastery

directly affects the achievement of high results, so At each stage of sports development,

special attention must be paid to the training and development of technical and tactical

actions, since on short track the result of the competition over a certain distance depends

to a great extent on these elements, considerations that are shared.

Palao, Manzanares and Ortega, (as cited in Griego, Ojeda and Griego, C.E. 2020) reflect

that high-level competition today is increasingly demanding and requires a solid

Lopez; García de Alcaraz, (as cited in Griego, Ojeda y Griego, C.E. 2020) consider that

in this stage of sports initiation the development of technical-tactical skills is essential, it

constitutes the fundamental element to organize and direct an adequate training process .

For this reason, Luega (2015) is of the opinion that the general pattern of skating

movement is a skill, which, executed in a particular way, forms a technique and this, in

turn, can undergo changes according to the physical and coordinative parameters of the

skater. which defines an execution style.

Zamora and Olivera (2019) believe that despite the studies carried out to improve the

sports preparation process in skating and the efforts of the National Institute of Sports and

Recreation (INDER) to achieve a higher quality in the sports performance of skaters , the

recovery; external push and descent phase.

• Systematic exercise of the phases of the technique in curve, inside foot to the curve:

(mainly the left) phase of push in, recovery and descent, outside foot to the curve (mainly

right) phase of push out, recovery and decline.

• Systematic exercise of the snatch, starting position, starting thrusts, phases of the first

steps of acceleration.

• Systematic exercise of the technique of arrival and the technique of change in relays

In these guidelines it is evident that school skaters upon entering the School of School

Sports Initiation (EIDE) must master the fundamental elements of this sport in order to

meet the requirements of the category and be able to participate in the competitions

provided for in the preparation macrocycle.

level.

• Not using updated teaching methods and training at the grassroots level.

• Deficiencies in the mastery of the technique of school skaters

• Lack of determinant sports equipment in the correct formation of the skater.

• The lack of provincial tournaments in the school and pioneer category.

• Difficulties in the selection and enrollment to the EIDE.

• Lack of coaches in the sports areas of Santa Clara.

• Insufficient trainers in the municipalities.

All these weaknesses influence the deficient results achieved by the school teams of the

province in the last four years, the main causes that make skaters to have an inadequate

The present work proposes as objective: to characterize the technical preparation in

school skaters of Villa Clara. Especially in their training process, taking into account the

need to complement their technical preparation and prepare them for the fundamental

skills of this category.

Materials and methods

In the present investigation, the general method of science that is used is the dialectical

materialist method, the quantitative and the qualitative were combined, according to the

objective of the investigation and taking into account the dynamics of the object, the

subject and the process, as well as the subjective and the objective.

In this sense, the object is technical preparation, the subjects are school skaters from Villa

Clara, and the process is sports training with an emphasis on technical direction. The

Skating, Modern Pentathlon and Triathlon has a degree in Physical Culture and a Master's

in Sports Training for High Competition, with more than 15 years of experience as a

manager of these sports with satisfactory results at the national level.

And the third population is made up of the two Skating coaches of the school category of

the EIDE of Villa Clara, both have a high level of knowledge and experience in this sport,

as athletes and teachers, with more than 17 years in their professional performance,

obtaining results and medals for more than 10 consecutive years. Both are higher level

graduates and are passed to opt for the Master category.

Different methods and techniques of scientific research were used in correspondence with

the initial stage through which it is transited, which allowed establishing the relationships

Analytical – synthetic: present in all phases of the investigative process and in the

interpretation of the results achieved. It was used to carry out analysis and inferences in

relation to the contents of technical preparation in school skaters, as oriented in the PIPD

of this sport.

The empirical methods used in the present investigation.

Document analysis: to determine the characteristics of the training structures used in

Skating, and to know what is oriented in relation to technical preparation in the initiation

stage. In this sense, the Skating PIPD, the graphic and written plan of school skaters and

the planning of training sessions are reviewed.

Observation: structured and participant observation was used to find out the treatment

that coaches give to the technical preparation of school skaters, and to verify their

under study.

The test that uses a 200-meter race in which the execution technique of the different

phases of race skating is evaluated: start, curve race, straight race and arrival at the finish

line. Starting position, balance, transitory steps and coordination are observed from the

start. From the straight race, the position adopted by the skater, the transfer of the center

of gravity, the thrusts, slides and recovery.

From the curved race, the technique of the skater's body position, the thrusts with the right

leg and left leg, coordination and crossings are appreciated. From the arrival to the goal,

the technique is analyzed in correspondence with the leg they use, as well as the espadrille

and balance of the skater.

to move quickly.

To evaluate the race in a straight line, the maximum score is five points, to be evaluated

well the skater must reach the evaluation of 5 to 4 points, to reach this evaluation he

cannot make the fundamental errors related to the position of the trunk and the legs. You

can make at least two of the other mistakes. For the evaluation of regular, he reaches the

score of 3 to 2 points, for which he must have made up to four technical errors and if he

makes more than five errors, he obtains the evaluation of bad, being awarded only one

2. Technique in curve: here the movement is carried out taking the steps crossing the skate

of the outside of the curve on the skate of the interior, the movement will be continuous

and repetitive. This movement is popularly called braiding.

In this phase, the fundamental errors will be the position of the center of gravity and the

(toe of the skate outwards), to apply a force from the front towards where it is moving,

and little by little the angle decreases to arrive to push aside.

4. Arrival technique: it is based on achieving the maximum amplitude of the lower

extremities, going from a movement of a straight line technique, and a shifting center of

gravity. The center of gravity should be located in the center of the base with the trunk

parallel looking for stability. The tendency is to throw the trunk forward, but this

movement shifts the center of gravity back, causing movement backwards, not forwards.

Points are awarded to the technical execution of each of these phases in accordance with

their requirements, in the sum of each phase the maximum value that a skater reaches is

five points, then the scores achieved in each phase are added and the score is issued. a

Technique

in line

4- 5

2-3

1

arrival at the

goal

4-5

2-3

1

Total points

.

20 a 16

12 a 8

4

given to the technical preparation of school skaters. In relation to the technical work, it

was possible to appreciate that in its objectives technical preparation is declared as a

fundamental direction within the preparation of skating, given the technical demands of

this sport.

Another of the indicators that is analyzed is whether the skating coach has the planning

of the training of school skaters and the lesson plan, it was possible to verify that 100%

of the coaches in this category have the planning of sports training, as well as well as the

lesson plan in which one can appreciate how they conceive technical preparation in this

sport, one of the fundamental directions for the preparation of school skaters

They have planned the work of technical preparation from the developer mesocycle, with

working subgroups. They always foresee the technical work at the beginning of the main

part and dose through repetitions and time in correspondence with the activity to be

carried out.

In general, the orientations of the program are aimed at preparing the school skater in the

Six training sessions are observed indistinctly throughout the preparation macrocycle,

two of them in each period, in which it was possible to appreciate:

That the systematicity with which the technical preparation is worked with school skaters

in all the classes observed is three times a week, accentuating the special and competitive

preparation. The two coaches that make up the population have their plan of classes or

training sessions, with their objectives, by stages, content, pedagogical tests, among other

information necessary to successfully complete the sports preparation of their athletes.

100% of the coaches use various exercises for technical work, an element that positively

affects the teaching-learning process of sport, given the particularities of technical work,

sometimes appreciated in technical work.

In relation to the methods used for technical preparation, the ones that prevailed were:

varied exercise, combined exercises and explanatory demonstrative, which reinforces the

need to diversify and motivate skaters through other methods such as games and

competition.

In the first question in relation to whether the province of Villa Clara has the necessary

and he emphasizes that this sport is one of the most depressed in relation to strength.

technique and argues that this aspect has a negative impact on the results of the province

despite the efforts made by the EIDE coaches, who cannot make up for this deficit and

who are directly affected, a situation that also affects the development of this sport at the

Provincial Centers is almost nil since nine of the 13 municipalities that represent 69% do

not have coaches of this sport, therefore, they cannot contribute or provide skaters of the

school category as future enrollment of the EIDE of Villa Clara.

In the fourth question, they consider that the skaters who enter the EIDE do not have a

technical preparation in correspondence with their category, and with many technical

insufficiencies since the high performance pyramid is transgressed by entering this sports

school directly without first having gone through sports initiation in sports teams, this

sport is not in the Physical Education Programs either and it is very difficult for it to be

addressed in sports for all since it requires the student to have skates and it is another of

its limitations. Elements that directly affect the technical preparation of school skaters

The skating coaches of the EIDE of Villa Clara have more than 17 years of experience in

their professional performance, with satisfactory results at the country level. In the first

question, 100% believe that the PPID skating offers many exercises for technical work. ,

but it does not give precise guidelines in relation to how to do it, taking into account the

characteristics of the different provinces and the particularities of school athletes.